AI-Powered Lawyering: AI Reasoning Models, Retrieval Augmented Generation, and the Future of Legal Practice
Minnesota Legal Studies Research Paper No. 25-16; March 02, 2025; from papers.ssrn.com by:

Daniel Schwarcz
University of Minnesota Law School

Sam Manning
Centre for the Governance of AI

Patrick Barry
University of Michigan Law School

David R. Cleveland
University of Minnesota Law School

J.J. Prescott
University of Michigan Law School

Beverly Rich
Ogletree Deakins

Abstract

Generative AI is set to transform the legal profession, but its full impact remains uncertain. While AI models like GPT-4 improve the efficiency with which legal work can be completed, they can at times make up cases and “hallucinate” facts, thereby undermining legal judgment, particularly in complex tasks handled by skilled lawyers. This article examines two emerging AI innovations that may mitigate these lingering issues: Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG), which grounds AI-powered analysis in legal sources, and AI reasoning models, which structure complex reasoning before generating output. We conducted the first randomized controlled trial assessing these technologies, assigning upper-level law students to complete six legal tasks using a RAG-powered legal AI tool (Vincent AI), an AI reasoning model (OpenAI’s o1-preview), or no AI. We find that both AI tools significantly enhanced legal work quality, a marked contrast with previous research examining older large language models like GPT-4. Moreover, we find that these models maintain the efficiency benefits associated with use of older AI technologies. Our findings show that AI assistance significantly boosts productivity in five out of six tested legal tasks, with Vincent yielding statistically significant gains of approximately 38% to 115% and o1-preview increasing productivity by 34% to 140%, with particularly strong effects in complex tasks like drafting persuasive letters and analyzing complaints. Notably, o1-preview improved the analytical depth of participants’ work product but resulted in some hallucinations, whereas Vincent AI-aided participants produced roughly the same amount of hallucinations as participants who did not use AI at all. These findings suggest that integrating domain-specific RAG capabilities with reasoning models could yield synergistic improvements, shaping the next generation of AI-powered legal tools and the future of lawyering more generally.


Guest post: How technological innovation can boost growth — from legaltechnology.com by Caroline Hill

One key change is the growing adoption of technology within legal service providers, and this is transforming the way firms operate and deliver value to clients.

The legal services sector’s digital transformation is gaining momentum, driven both by client expectations as well as the potential for operational efficiency. With the right support, legal firms can innovate through tech adoption and remain competitive to deliver strong client outcomes and long-term growth.


AI Can Do Many Tasks for Lawyers – But Be Careful — from nysba.org by Rebecca Melnitsky

Artificial intelligence can perform several tasks to aid lawyers and save time. But lawyers must be cautious when using this new technology, lest they break confidentiality or violate ethical standards.

The New York State Bar Association hosted a hybrid program discussing AI’s potential and its pitfalls for the legal profession. More than 300 people watched the livestream.

For that reason, Unger suggests using legal AI tools, like LexisNexis AI, Westlaw Edge, and vLex Fastcase, for legal research instead of general generative AI tools. While legal-specific tools still hallucinate, they hallucinate much less. A legal tool will hallucinate 10% to 20% of the time, while a tool like ChatGPT will hallucinate 50% to 80%.


Fresh Voices on Legal Tech with Nikki Shaver — from legaltalknetwork.com by Dennis Kennedy, Tom Mighell, and Nikki Shaver

Determining which legal technology is best for your law firm can seem like a daunting task, so Legaltech Hub does the hard work for you! In another edition of Fresh Voices, Dennis and Tom talk with Nikki Shaver, CEO at Legaltech Hub, about her in-depth knowledge of technology and AI trends. Nikki shares what effective tech strategies should look like for attorneys and recommends innovative tools for maintaining best practices in modern law firms. Learn more at legaltechnologyhub.com.


AI for in-house legal: 2025 predictions — from deloitte.com
Our expectations for AI engagement and adoption in the legal Market over the coming year.

AI will continue to transform in-house legal departments in 2025
As we enter 2025, over two-thirds of organisations plan to increase their Generative AI (GenAI) investments, providing legal teams with significant executive support and resources to further develop this Capabilities. This presents a substantial opportunity for legal departments, particularly as GenAI technology continues to advance at an impressive pace. We make five predictions for AI engagement and adoption in the legal Market over the coming year and beyond.


Navigating The Fine Line: Redefining Legal Advice In The Age Of Tech With Erin Levine And Quinten Steenhuis — from abovethelaw.com by Olga V. Mack
The definition of ‘practicing law’ is outdated and increasingly irrelevant in a tech-driven world. Should the line between legal advice and legal information even exist?

Practical Takeaways for Legal Leaders

  • Use Aggregated Data: Providing consumers with benchmarks (e.g., “90% of users in your position accepted similar settlements”) empowers them without giving direct legal advice.
  • Train and Supervise AI Tools: AI works best when it’s trained on reliable, localized data and supervised by legal professionals.
  • Partner with Courts: As Quinten pointed out, tools built in collaboration with courts often avoid UPL pitfalls. They’re also more likely to gain the trust of both regulators and consumers.
  • Embrace Transparency: Clear disclaimers like “This is not legal advice” go a long way in building consumer trust and meeting ethical standards.

 

 

Google I/O 2025: From research to reality — from blog.google
Here’s how we’re making AI more helpful with Gemini.


Google I/O 2025 LIVE — all the details about Android XR smart glasses, AI Mode, Veo 3, Gemini, Google Beam and more — from tomsguide.com by Philip Michaels
Google’s annual conference goes all in on AI

With a running time of 2 hours, Google I/O 2025 leaned heavily into Gemini and new models that make the assistant work in more places than ever before. Despite focusing the majority of the keynote around Gemini, Google saved its most ambitious and anticipated announcement towards the end with its big Android XR smart glasses reveal.

Shockingly, very little was spent around Android 16. Most of its Android 16 related news, like the redesigned Material 3 Expressive interface, was announced during the Android Show live stream last week — which explains why Google I/O 2025 was such an AI heavy showcase.

That’s because Google carved out most of the keynote to dive deeper into Gemini, its new models, and integrations with other Google services. There’s clearly a lot to unpack, so here’s all the biggest Google I/O 2025 announcements.


Our vision for building a universal AI assistant— from blog.google
We’re extending Gemini to become a world model that can make plans and imagine new experiences by simulating aspects of the world.

Making Gemini a world model is a critical step in developing a new, more general and more useful kind of AI — a universal AI assistant. This is an AI that’s intelligent, understands the context you are in, and that can plan and take action on your behalf, across any device.

By applying LearnLM capabilities, and directly incorporating feedback from experts across the industry, Gemini adheres to the principles of learning science to go beyond just giving you the answer. Instead, Gemini can explain how you get there, helping you untangle even the most complex questions and topics so you can learn more effectively. Our new prompting guide provides sample instructions to see this in action.


Learn in newer, deeper ways with Gemini — from blog.google.com by Ben Gomes
We’re infusing LearnLM directly into Gemini 2.5 — plus more learning news from I/O.

At I/O 2025, we announced that we’re infusing LearnLM directly into Gemini 2.5, which is now the world’s leading model for learning. As detailed in our latest report, Gemini 2.5 Pro outperformed competitors on every category of learning science principles. Educators and pedagogy experts preferred Gemini 2.5 Pro over other offerings across a range of learning scenarios, both for supporting a user’s learning goals and on key principles of good pedagogy.


Gemini gets more personal, proactive and powerful — from blog.google.com by Josh Woodward
It’s your turn to create, learn and explore with an AI assistant that’s starting to understand your world and anticipate your needs.

Here’s what we announced at Google IO:

  • Gemini Live with camera and screen sharing, is now free on Android and iOS for everyone, so you can point your phone at anything and talk it through.
  • Imagen 4, our new image generation model, comes built in and is known for its image quality, better text rendering and speed.
  • Veo 3, our new, state-of-the-art video generation model, comes built in and is the first in the world to have native support for sound effects, background noises and dialogue between characters.
  • Deep Research and Canvas are getting their biggest updates yet, unlocking new ways to analyze information, create podcasts and vibe code websites and apps.
  • Gemini is coming to Chrome, so you can ask questions while browsing the web.
  • Students around the world can easily make interactive quizzes, and college students in the U.S., Brazil, Indonesia, Japan and the UK are eligible for a free school year of the Google AI Pro plan.
  • Google AI Ultra, a new premium plan, is for the pioneers who want the highest rate limits and early access to new features in the Gemini app.
  • 2.5 Flash has become our new default model, and it blends incredible quality with lightning fast response times.

Fuel your creativity with new generative media models and tools — from by Eli Collins
Introducing Veo 3 and Imagen 4, and a new tool for filmmaking called Flow.


AI in Search: Going beyond information to intelligence
We’re introducing new AI features to make it easier to ask any question in Search.

AI in Search is making it easier to ask Google anything and get a helpful response, with links to the web. That’s why AI Overviews is one of the most successful launches in Search in the past decade. As people use AI Overviews, we see they’re happier with their results, and they search more often. In our biggest markets like the U.S. and India, AI Overviews is driving over 10% increase in usage of Google for the types of queries that show AI Overviews.

This means that once people use AI Overviews, they’re coming to do more of these types of queries, and what’s particularly exciting is how this growth increases over time. And we’re delivering this at the speed people expect of Google Search — AI Overviews delivers the fastest AI responses in the industry.

In this story:

  • AI Mode in Search
  • Deep Search
  • Live capabilities
  • Agentic capabilities
  • Shopping
  • Personal context
  • Custom charts

 

 

Boys Are Struggling in School. What Can Be Done? — from edweek.org by Rick Hess
Scholar Richard Reeves says it’s time to take a hard look at gender equity

Rick: What kinds of strategies do you think would help?

Richard: In education, we should expand the use of male-friendly teaching methods, such as more hands-on and active learning approaches. We should also consider redshirting boys—starting them in school a year later—to account for developmental differences between boys and girls. We should also introduce more male mentors and role models in schools, particularly in elementary education, where male teachers are scarce. In the workforce, apprenticeship and vocational training programs need to be expanded to create pathways into stable employment for young men who may not pursue a four-year degree. Career counseling should also emphasize diverse pathways to ensure that boys who may not thrive in a traditional academic setting still have opportunities for success. Additionally, fatherhood policies should recognize the importance of male engagement in family life, supporting fathers in their role as caregivers and providers.


While on the topic of K12 education, also see:

How Electives Help All Students Succeed — from edutopia.org by Miriam Plotinsky
Giving students a choice of electives increases engagement and allows them to develop skills outside of core academic subjects.

I recently conducted a student focus group on the topic of school attendance. One of the participants, a high school junior who admitted to being frequently late or absent, explained why she still came to school: “I never want to miss Drama. My teacher is awesome. Her class is the reason I show up every day.” As the rest of the focus group chimed in with similar thoughts, I reflected on the power that elective courses hold for students of all ages.

These courses, from jazz band to yoga, cement students’ sense of self not just in their primary and secondary years, but also in their journey toward adulthood. In these tight economic times, schools or districts often slash electives to save money on staffing, which is highly detrimental to student success. Instead, not only should budget cuts be made elsewhere, but also elective offerings should increase to heighten student choice and well-being.


Learners need: More voice. More choice. More control. -- this image was created by Daniel Christian

 

‘What I learned when students walked out of my AI class’ — from timeshighereducation.com by Chris Hogg
Chris Hogg found the question of using AI to create art troubled his students deeply. Here’s how the moment led to deeper understanding for both student and educator

Teaching AI can be as thrilling as it is challenging. This became clear one day when three students walked out of my class, visibly upset. They later explained their frustration: after spending years learning their creative skills, they were disheartened to see AI effortlessly outperform them at the blink of an eye.

This moment stuck with me – not because it was unexpected, but because it encapsulates the paradoxical relationship we all seem to have with AI. As both an educator and a creative, I find myself asking: how do we engage with this powerful tool without losing ourselves in the process? This is the story of how I turned moments of resistance into opportunities for deeper understanding.


In the AI era, how do we battle cognitive laziness in students? — from timeshighereducation.com by Sean McMinn
With the latest AI technology now able to handle complex problem-solving processes, will students risk losing their own cognitive engagement? Metacognitive scaffolding could be the answer, writes Sean McMinn

The concern about cognitive laziness seems to be backed by Anthropic’s report that students use AI tools like Claude primarily for creating (39.8 per cent) and analysing (30.2 per cent) tasks, both considered higher-order cognitive functions according to Bloom’s Taxonomy. While these tasks align well with advanced educational objectives, they also pose a risk: students may increasingly delegate critical thinking and complex cognitive processes directly to AI, risking a reduction in their own cognitive engagement and skill development.


Make Instructional Design Fun Again with AI Agents — from drphilippahardman.substack.com by Dr. Philippa Hardman
A special edition practical guide to selecting & building AI agents for instructional design and L&D

Exactly how we do this has been less clear, but — fuelled by the rise of so-called “Agentic AI” — more and more instructional designers ask me: “What exactly can I delegate to AI agents, and how do I start?”

In this week’s post, I share my thoughts on exactly what instructional design tasks can be delegated to AI agents, and provide a step-by-step approach to building and testing your first AI agent.

Here’s a sneak peak….


AI Personality Matters: Why Claude Doesn’t Give Unsolicited Advice (And Why You Should Care) — from mikekentz.substack.com by Mike Kentz
First in a four-part series exploring the subtle yet profound differences between AI systems and their impact on human cognition

After providing Claude with several prompts of context about my creative writing project, I requested feedback on one of my novel chapters. The AI provided thoughtful analysis with pros and cons, as expected. But then I noticed what wasn’t there: the customary offer to rewrite my chapter.

Without Claude’s prompting, I found myself in an unexpected moment of metacognition. When faced with improvement suggestions but no offer to implement them, I had to consciously ask myself: “Do I actually want AI to rewrite this section?” The answer surprised me – no, I wanted to revise it myself, incorporating the insights while maintaining my voice and process.

The contrast was striking. With ChatGPT, accepting its offer to rewrite felt like a passive, almost innocent act – as if I were just saying “yes” to a helpful assistant. But with Claude, requesting a rewrite required deliberate action. Typing out the request felt like a more conscious surrender of creative agency.


Also re: metacognition and AI, see:

In the AI era, how do we battle cognitive laziness in students? — from timeshighereducation.com by Sean McMinn
With the latest AI technology now able to handle complex problem-solving processes, will students risk losing their own cognitive engagement? Metacognitive scaffolding could be the answer, writes Sean McMinn

The concern about cognitive laziness seems to be backed by Anthropic’s report that students use AI tools like Claude primarily for creating (39.8 per cent) and analysing (30.2 per cent) tasks, both considered higher-order cognitive functions according to Bloom’s Taxonomy. While these tasks align well with advanced educational objectives, they also pose a risk: students may increasingly delegate critical thinking and complex cognitive processes directly to AI, risking a reduction in their own cognitive engagement and skill development.

By prompting students to articulate their cognitive processes, such tools reinforce the internalisation of self-regulated learning strategies essential for navigating AI-augmented environments.


EDUCAUSE Panel Highlights Practical Uses for AI in Higher Ed — from govtech.com by Abby Sourwine
A webinar this week featuring panelists from the education, private and nonprofit sectors attested to how institutions are applying generative artificial intelligence to advising, admissions, research and IT.

Many higher education leaders have expressed hope about the potential of artificial intelligence but uncertainty about where to implement it safely and effectively. According to a webinar Tuesday hosted by EDUCAUSE, “Unlocking AI’s Potential in Higher Education,” their answer may be “almost everywhere.”

Panelists at the event, including Kaskaskia College CIO George Kriss, Canyon GBS founder and CEO Joe Licata and Austin Laird, a senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, said generative AI can help colleges and universities meet increasing demands for personalization, timely communication and human-to-human connections throughout an institution, from advising to research to IT support.


Partly Cloudy with a Chance of Chatbots — from derekbruff.org by Derek Bruff

Here are the predictions, our votes, and some commentary:

  • “By 2028, at least half of large universities will embed an AI ‘copilot’ inside their LMS that can draft content, quizzes, and rubrics on demand.” The group leaned toward yes on this one, in part because it was easy to see LMS vendors building this feature in as a default.
  • “Discipline-specific ‘digital tutors’ (LLM chatbots trained on course materials) will handle at least 30% of routine student questions in gateway courses.” We learned toward yes on this one, too, which is why some of us are exploring these tools today. We would like to be ready how to use them well (or avoid their use) when they are commonly available.
  • “Adaptive e-texts whose examples, difficulty, and media personalize in real time via AI will outsell static digital textbooks in the U.S. market.” We leaned toward no on this one, in part because the textbook market and what students want from textbooks has historically been slow to change. I remember offering my students a digital version of my statistics textbook maybe 6-7 years ago, and most students opted to print the whole thing out on paper like it was 1983.
  • “AI text detectors will be largely abandoned as unreliable, shifting assessment design toward oral, studio, or project-based ‘AI-resilient’ tasks.” We leaned toward yes on this. I have some concerns about oral assessments (they certainly privilege some students over others), but more authentic assignments seems like what higher ed needs in the face of AI. Ted Underwood recently suggested a version of this: “projects that attempt genuinely new things, which remain hard even with AI assistance.” See his post and the replies for some good discussion on this idea.
  • “AI will produce multimodal accessibility layers (live translation, alt-text, sign-language avatars) for most lecture videos without human editing.” We leaned toward yes on this one, too. This seems like another case where something will be provided by default, although my podcast transcripts are AI-generated and still need editing from me, so we’re not there quite yet.

‘We Have to Really Rethink the Purpose of Education’
The Ezra Klein Show

Description: I honestly don’t know how I should be educating my kids. A.I. has raised a lot of questions for schools. Teachers have had to adapt to the most ingenious cheating technology ever devised. But for me, the deeper question is: What should schools be teaching at all? A.I. is going to make the future look very different. How do you prepare kids for a world you can’t predict?

And if we can offload more and more tasks to generative A.I., what’s left for the human mind to do?

Rebecca Winthrop is the director of the Center for Universal Education at the Brookings Institution. She is also an author, with Jenny Anderson, of “The Disengaged Teen: Helping Kids Learn Better, Feel Better, and Live Better.” We discuss how A.I. is transforming what it means to work and be educated, and how our use of A.I. could revive — or undermine — American schools.


 

AI prompting secrets EXPOSED — from theneurondaily.com by Grant Harvey

Here are the three best prompting guides:

  • Anthropic’s “Prompt Engineering Overview is a free masterclass that’s worth its weight in gold. Their “constitutional AI prompting” section helped us create a content filter that actually works—unlike the one that kept flagging our coffee bean reviews as “inappropriate.” Apparently “rich body” triggered something…
  • OpenAI’s “Cookbook is like having a Michelin-star chef explain cooking—simple for beginners, but packed with pro techniques. Their JSON formatting examples saved us 3 hours of debugging last week…
  • Google’s “Prompt Design Strategies breaks down complex concepts with clear examples. Their before/after gallery showing how slight prompt tweaks improve results made us rethink everything we knew about getting quality outputs.

Pro tip: Save these guides as PDFs before they disappear behind paywalls. The best AI users keep libraries of these resources for quick reference.
.



My personal review of 10+ AI agents and what actually works — from aiwithallie.beehiiv.com by Allie K. Miller
The AI Agents Report Card you wish your boss gave you.

What you’ll learn in this newsletter:

  • Which AI agents actually deliver value right now
  • Where even the best agents still fall embarrassingly short
  • The surprising truth about those sleek, impressive interfaces
  • The economics of delegating to AI (and when it’s worth the premium)
  • Five practical takeaways to guide your AI strategy

Employees Keep Their AI-Driven Productivity a Secret — from hrotoday.com; via The Neuron

“To address this, organizations should consider building a sustainable AI governance model, prioritizing transparency, and tackling the complex challenge of AI-fueled imposter syndrome through reinvention. Employers who fail to approach innovation with empathy and provide employees with autonomy run the risk of losing valuable staff and negatively impacting employee productivity.”  

Key findings from the report include the following:

  • Employees are keeping their productivity gains a secret from their employers. …
  • In-office employees may still log in remotely after hours. …
  • Younger workers are more likely to switch jobs to gain more flexibility.

AI discovers new math algorithms — from by Zach Mink & Rowan Cheung
PLUS: Anthropic reportedly set to launch new Sonnet, Opus models

The Rundown: Google just debuted AlphaEvolve, a coding agent that harnesses Gemini and evolutionary strategies to craft algorithms for scientific and computational challenges — driving efficiency inside Google and solving historic math problems.

Why it matters: Yesterday, we had OpenAI’s Jakub Pachocki saying AI has shown “significant evidence” of being capable of novel insights, and today Google has taken that a step further. Math plays a role in nearly every aspect of life, and AI’s pattern and algorithmic strengths look ready to uncover a whole new world of scientific discovery.


AI agents are set to explode: Reports forecast 45% annual growth rate — from hrexecutive.com by Jill Barth

At the recent HR Executive and Future Talent Council event at Bentley University near Boston, I talked with Top 100 HR Tech Influencer Joey Price about what he’s hearing from HR leaders. Price is president and CEO of Jumpstart HR and executive analyst at Aspect43, Jumpstart HR’s HR?tech research division, and author of a valuable new book, The Power of HR: How to Make an Organizational Impact as a People?Professional.

This puts him solidly at the center of HR’s most relevant conversations. Price described the curiosity he’s hearing from many HR leaders about AI agents, which have become increasingly prominent in recent months.


 

 

The Public Microschool Playbook — from gettingsmart.com

School systems today face a complex challenge: how to personalize learning while responding to the rapidly shifting needs of students, families, and communities. Enter the Public Microschool Playbook—a new, field-tested resource co-created by Getting Smart, Learner-Centered Collaborative, and Transcend to help public education leaders reimagine learning from the ground up.

This isn’t just about launching new schools. It’s about designing dynamic, student-centered ecosystems that live inside our public systems and reflect the aspirations of the communities they serve. With an intentional focus on access and opportunity, microschools offer more than just flexibility—they offer a path to more relevant, sustainable, and empowering learning for all.

Grounded in three key phases—Planning, Designing, and Implementing—the Playbook equips district leaders, charter networks, and innovators with real-world tools and insights to launch microschools that meet local needs and drive systemic transformation. From policy navigation and budgeting to learner-centered design elements like advisory, PBL, and multi-age cohorts, this guide is a blueprint for creating purpose-built environments that make learning personal and powerful.


Also from Getting Smart, see:

The Reboot of Readiness: It’s Time to Take Action in Renovating CTE from the Ground Up — from gettingsmart.com by Adam Kulaas

Key points:

  • CTE programs need to move beyond traditional frameworks and adopt the Career Clusters Framework to better prepare students for real-world opportunities.
  • It’s crucial to integrate career readiness into the entire educational experience, making it an intentional and structured pathway from early education through high school.

 

“Student Guide to AI”; “AI Isn’t Just Changing How We Work — It’s Changing How We Learn”; + other items re: AI in our LE’s

.Get the 2025 Student Guide to Artificial Intelligence — from studentguidetoai.org
This guide is made available under a Creative Commons license by Elon University and the American Association of Colleges and Universities (AAC&U).
.


AI Isn’t Just Changing How We Work — It’s Changing How We Learn — from entrepreneur.com by Aytekin Tank; edited by Kara McIntyre
AI agents are opening doors to education that just a few years ago would have been unthinkable. Here’s how.

Agentic AI is taking these already huge strides even further. Rather than simply asking a question and receiving an answer, an AI agent can assess your current level of understanding and tailor a reply to help you learn. They can also help you come up with a timetable and personalized lesson plan to make you feel as though you have a one-on-one instructor walking you through the process. If your goal is to learn to speak a new language, for example, an agent might map out a plan starting with basic vocabulary and pronunciation exercises, then progress to simple conversations, grammar rules and finally, real-world listening and speaking practice.

For instance, if you’re an entrepreneur looking to sharpen your leadership skills, an AI agent might suggest a mix of foundational books, insightful TED Talks and case studies on high-performing executives. If you’re aiming to master data analysis, it might point you toward hands-on coding exercises, interactive tutorials and real-world datasets to practice with.

The beauty of AI-driven learning is that it’s adaptive. As you gain proficiency, your AI coach can shift its recommendations, challenge you with new concepts and even simulate real-world scenarios to deepen your understanding.

Ironically, the very technology feared by workers can also be leveraged to help them. Rather than requiring expensive external training programs or lengthy in-person workshops, AI agents can deliver personalized, on-demand learning paths tailored to each employee’s role, skill level, and career aspirations. Given that 68% of employees find today’s workplace training to be overly “one-size-fits-all,” an AI-driven approach will not only cut costs and save time but will be more effective.


What’s the Future for AI-Free Spaces? — from higherai.substack.com by Jason Gulya
Please let me dream…

This is one reason why I don’t see AI-embedded classrooms and AI-free classrooms as opposite poles. The bone of contention, here, is not whether we can cultivate AI-free moments in the classroom, but for how long those moments are actually sustainable.

Can we sustain those AI-free moments for an hour? A class session? Longer?

Here’s what I think will happen. As AI becomes embedded in society at large, the sustainability of imposed AI-free learning spaces will get tested. Hard. I think it’ll become more and more difficult (though maybe not impossible) to impose AI-free learning spaces on students.

However, consensual and hybrid AI-free learning spaces will continue to have a lot of value. I can imagine classes where students opt into an AI-free space. Or they’ll even create and maintain those spaces.


Duolingo’s AI Revolution — from drphilippahardman.substack.com by Dr. Philippa Hardman
What 148 AI-Generated Courses Tell Us About the Future of Instructional Design & Human Learning

Last week, Duolingo announced an unprecedented expansion: 148 new language courses created using generative AI, effectively doubling their content library in just one year. This represents a seismic shift in how learning content is created — a process that previously took the company 12 years for their first 100 courses.

As CEO Luis von Ahn stated in the announcement, “This is a great example of how generative AI can directly benefit our learners… allowing us to scale at unprecedented speed and quality.”

In this week’s blog, I’ll dissect exactly how Duolingo has reimagined instructional design through AI, what this means for the learner experience, and most importantly, what it tells us about the future of our profession.


Are Mixed Reality AI Agents the Future of Medical Education? — from ehealth.eletsonline.com

Medical education is experiencing a quiet revolution—one that’s not taking place in lecture theatres or textbooks, but with headsets and holograms. At the heart of this revolution are Mixed Reality (MR) AI Agents, a new generation of devices that combine the immersive depth of mixed reality with the flexibility of artificial intelligence. These technologies are not mere flashy gadgets; they’re revolutionising the way medical students interact with complicated content, rehearse clinical skills, and prepare for real-world situations. By combining digital simulations with the physical world, MR AI Agents are redefining what it means to learn medicine in the 21st century.




4 Reasons To Use Claude AI to Teach — from techlearning.com by Erik Ofgang
Features that make Claude AI appealing to educators include a focus on privacy and conversational style.

After experimenting using Claude AI on various teaching exercises, from generating quizzes to tutoring and offering writing suggestions, I found that it’s not perfect, but I think it behaves favorably compared to other AI tools in general, with an easy-to-use interface and some unique features that make it particularly suited for use in education.

 

2025 EDUCAUSE Horizon Report | Teaching and Learning Edition — from library.educause.edu

Higher education is in a period of massive transformation and uncertainty. Not only are current events impacting how institutions operate, but technological advancement—particularly in AI and virtual reality—are reshaping how students engage with content, how cognition is understood, and how learning itself is documented and valued.

Our newly released 2025 EDUCAUSE Horizon Report | Teaching and Learning Edition captures the spirit of this transformation and how you can respond with confidence through the lens of emerging trends, key technologies and practices, and scenario-based foresight.

#teachingandlearning #highereducation #learningecosystems #learning #futurism #foresight #trends #emergingtechnologies #AI #VR #gamechangingenvironment #colleges #universities #communitycolleges #faculty #staff #IT

 

In many traditional school buildings, the design sends an unspoken message: “Sit down. Follow instructions. Stay within the lines.”

But imagine what students might believe about themselves and the world if their learning environment said instead:

“You belong here. Your ideas matter. Explore freely.”


For another item related to learning spaces, see:

Choosing the Right Technology for Today’s HyFlex Classroom — from edtechmagazine.com by Gaurav Bradoo
Long-lasting adoption of the HyFlex learning modality means higher education institutions shouldn’t be afraid to invest in tools that can enhance the student experience.

The answer? Solutions built for quick and easy installation, designed to work across multiple platforms and equipped with remote update and troubleshooting features. Anything we can do to reduce the number of cords, components and required steps during installation will assist AV staff. Prioritizing user-friendly design will cut down on help tickets across the lifespan of a device, and choosing features such as remote update capability can streamline maintenance. The bottom line is that simplicity and ease of deployment are not nice-to-haves. They are essential.

I’ve visited universities where instructors are faced with control panels with laminated cheat sheets next to them. These panels are often overloaded, acting as the room system as well, and not designed with simplicity or teaching flow in mind as it relates to capturing and streaming content for HyFlex teaching.


Along the lines of learning and working/office spaces…I’d like to thank Daan van Rossum for this next article (below emphasis from DSC). Daan mentioned that:

  • Phil Kirschner (ex-McKinsey, WeWork, JLL, Forbes contributor) just published a sharp piece on The Workline entitled Vibe Officing: The Antidote to Office Mandates.
  • In it, Phil introduces “Vibe Officing”—challenges the mandate-vs-flexibility debate with a third way: designing office spaces people want to return to, not because they’re told to, but because they actually enjoy being there. He also touches on how AI can enable personalized nudges to improve workplace journeys.


 

DC: I’m not necessarily recommending this, but the next two items point out how the use of agents continues to move forward:

The Future is Here: Visa Announces New Era of Commerce Featuring AI

  • Global leader brings its trusted brand and powerful network to enable payments with new technologies
  • Launches new innovations and partnerships to drive flexibility, security and acceptance

SAN FRANCISCO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–The future of commerce is on display at the Visa Global Product Drop with powerful AI-enabled advancements allowing consumers to find and buy with AI plus the introduction of new strategic partnerships and product innovations.

Also related/see:

Find and Buy with AI: Visa Unveils New Era of Commerce — from businesswire.com

  • Collaborates with Anthropic, IBM, Microsoft, Mistral AI, OpenAI, Perplexity, Samsung, Stripe and more
  • Will make shopping experiences more personal, more secure and more convenient as they become powered by AI

Introduced [on April 30th] at the Visa Global Product Drop, Visa Intelligent Commerce enables AI to find and buy. It is a groundbreaking new initiative that opens Visa’s payment network to the developers and engineers building the foundational AI agents transforming commerce.


AI agents are the new buyers. How can you market to them? — from aiwithallie.beehiiv.com by Allie Miller
You’re optimizing for people. But the next buyers are bots.

In today’s newsletter, I’m unpacking why your next major buyers won’t be people at all. They’ll be AI agents, and your brand might already be invisible to them. We’ll dig into why traditional marketing strategies are breaking down in the age of autonomous AI shoppers, what “AI optimization” (AIO) really means, and the practical steps you can take right now to make sure your business stays visible and competitive as the new digital gatekeepers take over more digital tasks.

AI platforms and AI agents—the digital assistants that browse and actually do things powered by models like GPT-4o, Claude 3.7 Sonnet, and Gemini 2.5 Pro—are increasingly becoming the gatekeepers between your business and potential customers.

“AI is the new front door to your business for millions of consumers.”

The 40-Point (ish) AI Agent Marketing Playbook 
Here’s the longer list. I went ahead and broke these into four categories so you can more easily assign owners: Content, Structure & Design, Technical & Dev, and AI Strategy & Testing. I look forward to seeing how this space, and by extension my advice, changes in the coming months.


Microsoft CEO says up to 30% of the company’s code was written by AI — from techcrunch.com by Maxwell Zeff

During a fireside chat with Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg at Meta’s LlamaCon conference on Tuesday, Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella said that 20% to 30% of code inside the company’s repositories was “written by software” — meaning AI.


The Top 100Gen AI Consumer Apps — from a16z.com

In just six months, the consumer AI landscape has been redrawn. Some products surged, others stalled, and a few unexpected players rewrote the leaderboard overnight. Deepseek rocketed from obscurity to a leading ChatGPT challenger. AI video models advanced from experimental to fairly dependable (at least for short clips!). And so-called “vibe coding” is changing who can create with AI, not just who can use it. The competition is tighter, the stakes are higher, and the winners aren’t just launching, they’re sticking.

We turned to the data to answer: Which AI apps are people actively using? What’s actually making money, beyond being popular? And which tools are moving beyond curiosity-driven dabbling to become daily staples?

This is the fourth installment of the Top 100 Gen AI Consumer Apps, our bi-annual ranking of the top 50 AI-first web products (by unique monthly visits, per Similarweb) and top 50 AI-first mobile apps (by monthly active users, per Sensor Tower). Since our last report in August 2024, 17 new companies have entered the rankings of top AI-first web products.


Deep Research with AI: 9 Ways to Get Started — from wondertools.substack.com by Jeremy Caplan
Practical strategies for thorough, citation-rich AI research

The AI search landscape is transforming at breakneck speed. New “Deep Research” tools from ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity autonomously search and gather information from dozens — even hundreds — of sites, then analyze and synthesize it to produce comprehensive reports. While a human might take days or weeks to produce these 30-page citation-backed reports, AI Deep Research reports are ready in minutes.

What’s in this post

    • Examples of each report type I generated for my research, so you can form your own impressions.
    • Tips on why & how to use Deep Research and how to craft effective queries.
    • Comparison of key features and strengths/limitations of the top platforms

AI Agents Are Here—So Are the Threats: Unit 42 Unveils the Top 10 AI Agent Security Risks — from marktechpost.com

As AI agents transition from experimental systems to production-scale applications, their growing autonomy introduces novel security challenges. In a comprehensive new report, AI Agents Are Here. So Are the Threats,” Palo Alto Networks’ Unit 42 reveals how today’s agentic architectures—despite their innovation—are vulnerable to a wide range of attacks, most of which stem not from the frameworks themselves, but from the way agents are designed, deployed, and connected to external tools.

To evaluate the breadth of these risks, Unit 42 researchers constructed two functionally identical AI agents—one built using CrewAI and the other with AutoGen. Despite architectural differences, both systems exhibited the same vulnerabilities, confirming that the underlying issues are not framework-specific. Instead, the threats arise from misconfigurations, insecure prompt design, and insufficiently hardened tool integrations—issues that transcend implementation choices.


LLMs Can Learn Complex Math from Just One Example: Researchers from University of Washington, Microsoft, and USC Unlock the Power of 1-Shot Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward — from marktechpost.com by Sana Hassan


 

 

MOOC-Style Skills Training — from the-job.beehiiv.com by Paul Fain
WGU and tech companies use Open edX for flexible online learning. Could community colleges be next?

Open Source for Affordable Online Reach
The online titan Western Governors University is experimenting with an open-source learning platform. So are Verizon and the Indian government. And the platform’s leaders want to help community colleges take the plunge on competency-based education.

The Open edX platform inherently supports self-paced learning and offers several features that make it a good fit for competency-based education and skills-forward learning, says Stephanie Khurana, Axim’s CEO.

“Flexible modalities and a focus on competence instead of time spent learning improves access and affordability for learners who balance work and life responsibilities alongside their education,” she says.

“Plus, being open source means institutions and organizations can collaborate to build and share CBE-specific tools and features,” she says, “which could lower costs and speed up innovation across the field.”

Axim thinks Open edX’s ability to scale affordably can support community colleges in reaching working learners across an underserved market. 

 

Micro-Credentials Impact Report — from coursera.org
Get exclusive insights on how industry-aligned micro- credentials are bridging skill gaps, driving career outcomes, and building a future-ready workforce—with data from 2,000+ students and employers across six regions.

See how micro-credentials are driving student success, meeting industry demand, and transforming higher education institutions. Deliver industry-aligned learning with confidence—whether you’re leading a university or designing workforce development programs.

Our data shows that 90% of employers are willing to offer higher starting salaries to those with micro-credentials. Most offer 10–15% more for credit-bearing vs. non-credit credentials—even higher for GenAI. Help your graduates earn more by integrating micro-credentials into your programs.

Students are 2x as likely to choose programs with micro-credentials—even more if credentials are credit-bearing, the report finds. Higher education leaders echo this trend, with 7 in 10 saying students are more likely to enroll in programs that offer micro-credentials for academic credit.

 

2025 EDUCAUSE Teaching and Learning Workforce in Higher Education — from library.educause.edu

This report is the first in a series that examines three distinct workforce domains in higher education in 2025 (teaching and learning, cybersecurity and privacy, and IT leadership) to determine the priorities and challenges facing the profession. The findings in this report, taken from a survey of teaching and learning professionals in higher education, highlight their perspectives on a range of topics:

  • Flexible work arrangements
  • Integration of technologies
  • Workload and staffing
  • Job satisfaction and transition/succession planning
  • Mental health and well-being
  • Culture of belonging
  • Professional development

 

AI agents arrive in US classrooms — from zdnet.com by Radhika Rajkumar
Kira AI’s personalized learning platform is currently being implemented in Tennessee schools. How will it change education?

AI for education is a new but rapidly expanding field. Can it support student outcomes and help teachers avoid burnout?

On Wednesday, AI education company Kira launched a “fully AI-native learning platform” for K-12 education, complete with agents to assist teachers with repetitive tasks. The platform hosts assignments, analyzes progress data, offers administrative assistance, helps build lesson plans and quizzes, and more.

“Unlike traditional tools that merely layer AI onto existing platforms, Kira integrates artificial intelligence directly into every educational workflow — from lesson planning and instruction to grading, intervention, and reporting,” the release explains. “This enables schools to improve student outcomes, streamline operations, and provide personalized support at scale.”

Also relevant/see:

Coursera Founder Andrew Ng’s New Venture Brings A.I. to K–12 Classrooms — from observer.com by Victor Dey
Andrew Ng’s Kira Learning uses A.I. agents to transform K–12 education with tools for teachers, students and administrators.

“Teachers today are overloaded with repetitive tasks. A.I. agents can change that, and free up their time to give more personalized help to students,” Ng said in a statement.

Kira was co-founded by Andrea Pasinetti and Jagriti Agrawal, both longtime collaborators of Ng. The platform embeds A.I. directly into lesson planning, instruction, grading and reporting. Teachers can instantly generate standards-aligned lesson plans, monitor student progress in real time and receive automated intervention strategies when a student falls behind.

Students, in turn, receive on-demand tutoring tailored to their learning styles. A.I. agents adapt to each student’s pace and mastery level, while grading is automated with instant feedback—giving educators time to focus on teaching.


‘Using GenAI is easier than asking my supervisor for support’ — from timeshighereducation.com
Doctoral researchers are turning to generative AI to assist in their research. How are they using it, and how can supervisors and candidates have frank discussions about using it responsibly?

Generative AI is increasingly the proverbial elephant in the supervisory room. As supervisors, you may be concerned about whether your doctoral researchers are using GenAI. It can be a tricky topic to broach, especially when you may not feel confident in understanding the technology yourself.

While the potential impact of GenAI use among undergraduate and postgraduate taught students, especially, is well discussed (and it is increasingly accepted that students and staff need to become “AI literate”), doctoral researchers often slip through the cracks in institutional guidance and policymaking.


AI as a Thought Partner in Higher Education — from er.educause.edu by Brian Basgen

When used thoughtfully and transparently, generative artificial intelligence can augment creativity and challenge assumptions, making it an excellent tool for exploring and developing ideas.

The glaring contrast between the perceived ubiquity of GenAI and its actual use also reveals fundamental challenges associated with the practical application of these tools. This article explores two key questions about GenAI to address common misconceptions and encourage broader adoption and more effective use of these tools in higher education.


AI for Automation or Augmentation of L&D? — from drphilippahardman.substack.com by Dr. Philippa Hardman
An audio summary of my Learning Technologies talk

Like many of you, I spent the first part of this week at Learning Technologies in London, where I was lucky enough to present a session on the current state of AI and L&D.

In this week’s blog post, I summarise what I covered and share an audio summary of my paper for you to check out.


Bridging the AI Trust Gap — from chronicle.com by Ian Wilhelm, Derek Bruff, Gemma Garcia, and Lee Rainie

In a 2024 Chronicle survey, 86 percent of administrators agreed with the statement: “Generative artificial intelligence tools offer an opportunity for higher education to improve how it educates, operates, and conducts research.” In contrast, just 55 percent of faculty agreed, showing the stark divisions between faculty and administrative perspectives on adopting AI.

Among many faculty members, a prevalent distrust of AI persists — and for valid reasons. How will it impact in-class instruction? What does the popularity of generative AI tools portend for the development of critical thinking skills for Gen-Z students? How can institutions, at the administrative level, develop policies to safeguard against students using these technologies as tools for cheating?

Given this increasing ‘trust gap,’ how can faculty and administrators work together to preserve academic integrity as AI seeps into all areas of academia, from research to the classroom?

Join us for “Bridging the AI Trust Gap,” an extended, 75-minute Virtual Forum exploring the trust gap on campus about AI, the contours of the differences, and what should be done about it.

 

Schools push career ed classes ‘for all,’ even kids heading to college — from hechingerreport.org by Javeria Salman
As backlash to ‘college for all’ grows, a new ‘CTE for all’ model blossoms. Backers say it engages students and prepares them for the future, but others worry it comes at a cost

The credit union is one small piece of a districtwide effort, Academies of Louisville, to embed career and technical education, or CTE, alongside core subjects like math and English and require every student to pick a career pathway by 10th grade. Piloted in 2017 at 11 high schools, the model has expanded to all 15 of the district’s main high schools. As part of that effort, the district has also launched a career exploration program at 14 middle schools, partnered with local colleges and universities to provide dual credit courses and smoothed the path for students to graduate with industry-recognized certifications.

The Academies of Louisville is one of roughly 30 such programs that are working to provide CTE for all students, regardless of whether they plan to go to college or directly into the workforce, according to Jessica Delgado, marketing and communications director of Ford Next Generation Learning, which supports school districts in adopting the approach.

 
© 2025 | Daniel Christian