The Higher Education Hedgehog — from Campus Technology by Trent Batson
| Trend | Portfolio instantiation |
| Student development over four years | Personal portfolio owned by student; continuity; body of work cumulative not segmented |
| Developing reflective (critical) thinking | Reflections on work in portfolio; culminating reflections; response reflections; capstone reflections |
| High-impact learning experiences such as experiential learning or field work | Portfolio to capture and process evidence of the out-of-classroom experiences |
| From teaching to learning | Portfolios provide students a better picture of their own development as a learner; brings an opportunity for student to “own” learning |
| Assessment and accountability | Assessment for learning (students’ own assessment of themselves) to institutional assessment and accreditation management |
| Student ownership of learning; swirling students; free-lance students | Life-long portfolio |
| Employability; work force development | Better evidence for HR; life-long portfolio; recording achievement |
| The unbounded classroom | Portfolio as an extended virtual classroom workspace |
| Social and collaborative learning | Sharing student work and reflection with a team working on a problem or a case |
| Authentic learning; authentic assessment | Portfolio making learning process visible while engaged in real-life learning; reflections on real-life learning provide data for authentic assessment |
| From product to process | Portfolios support conversations around the work being done; the process of working toward a product becomes visible |




