Where are tomorrow’s teachers? Education degrees drop over 2 decades. — from k12dive.com by Anna Merod
Declines came in both bachelor’s and master’s degrees awarded between 2003-04 and 2022-23, an AACTE analysis of federal data shows.

The number of education degrees awarded in the U.S. steadily decreased in the nearly two decades between 2003-04 and 2022-23, according to a new analysis of federal data by the American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education.

Bachelor’s degrees in education dipped from 109,622 annually to 90,710 while master’s degrees declined from 162,632 to 143,669 in that time span, AACTE said in its report on data from the U.S. Department of Education.

 

7 Teaching Practices that Nurture Student Voice — from cultofpedagogy.com by Jennifer Gonzalez

In our efforts to improve school, especially in the United States, student voice has really gotten lost. We focus on test scores, top-down curriculum, and measures of success that never quite get to the humanity of our students. Not only have these efforts not succeeded in raising test scores (Schwartz, 2025), they haven’t given us much satisfaction in other ways, either: In a recent survey, nearly half of educators reported that student behavior was worse than before the pandemic, and that number had grown since teachers were surveyed just two years earlier (Stephens, 2025).

Although there are most certainly individual schools where great things are happening, too many schools are still missing the mark. Too many schools keep trying to address these problems without hearing from the very people who are impacted most: the students. 

But there is another way. Four years ago, I started talking a lot about a new book I’d read called Street Data


Learners need: More voice. More choice. More control. -- this image was created by Daniel Christian

 

K-12 to Career — from the-job.beehiiv.com by Paul Fain
Ohio eases eligibility rules for high school students to pursue college-level coursework in high-demand fields.

Three Ohio community colleges offer free industry-recognized credentials in manufacturing to more high school students. Also, new career-connected AP courses designed with industry input, a partnership on skilled trade prep for K-12 students, and essays on the race to define the future of credentials and how data and research can inform Workforce Pell.

 

Small, Rural Central California High School Continues To Defy Standardized Education — from gettingsmart.com by Michael Niehoff

Key Points

  • Minarets High School prioritizes student-centered learning with innovative programs like project-based learning, digital tools, and unique offerings.
  • Emphasis on student voice and personalized learning fosters engagement, creativity, and real-world preparation, setting a benchmark for educational innovation.

Let High Schoolers Do Less? Let High Schoolers Experience More — from gettingsmart.com by Tom Vander Ark and Nate McClennen

Key Points

  • High school should focus on personalized and purposeful learning experiences that engage students and build real-world skills.
  • Traditional transcripts should be replaced with richer learning and experience records to better communicate students’ skills to higher education and employers.

“Americans want to grant more control to students themselves, prioritizing a K-12 education where all students have the option to choose the courses they want to study based on interests and aspirations.”  

Research on motivation and engagement supports personalized and purposeful learning. Students are more motivated when they see relevance and have some choice. We summarize this in six core principles to which schools should strive.


New Effort Pushes the U.S. to Stop Getting ‘Schooled’ and Start Learning — from workshift.org by Elyse Ashburn

The Big Idea: A new collaborative effort led out of the Stanford center aims to tackle that goal—giving clearer shape to what it would mean to truly build a new “learning society.” As a starting point, the collaborative released a report and set of design principles this week, crafted through a year of discussion and debate among about three dozen fellows in leadership roles in education, industry, government, and research.

The fellows landed on nine core principles—including that working is learning and credentials are a means, not an end—designed to transition the United States from a “schooled society” to a “learning society.”

“Universal access to K-12 education and the massification of access to college were major accomplishments of 20th century America,” Stevens says. “But all that schooling also has downsides that only recently have come into common view. Conventional schooling is expensive, bureaucratic, and often inflexible.”
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How Substitute Teachers Can Connect With Their Students — from edutopia.org by Zachary Shell
Five enriching strategies to help subs stay involved and make a difference in the classroom.

I’ve since found enrichment in substitute teaching. Along the way, I’ve compiled a handful of strategies that have helped me stay involved and make a difference, one day at a time. Those strategies—which are useful for new substitutes still learning the ropes, as well as full-time teachers who are scaling back to substitute duties—are laid out below.


A Quiet Classroom Isn’t Always an Ideal Classroom — from edutopia.org by Clementina Jose
By rethinking what a good day in the classroom looks and sounds like, new teachers can better support their students.

If your classroom hums with the energy of students asking questions, debating ideas, and working together, you haven’t failed. You’ve succeeded in building a space where learning isn’t about being compliant, but about being alive and present.

 

Midoo AI Launches the World’s First AI Language Learning Agent, Redefining How People Learn Languages — from morningstar.com

SINGAPORE Sept. 3, 2025  /PRNewswire/ — Today, Midoo AI proudly announces the launch of the world’s first AI language learning agent, a groundbreaking innovation set to transform language education forever.

For decades, language learning has pursued one ultimate goal: true personalization. Traditional tools offered smart recommendations, gamified challenges, and pre-written role-play scripts—but real personalization remained out of reach. Midoo AI changes that. Here is the >launch video of Midoo AI.

Imagine a learning experience that evolves with you in real time. A system that doesn’t rely on static courses or scripts but creates a dynamic, one-of-a-kind language world tailored entirely to your needs. This is the power of Midoo’s Dynamic Generation technology.

“Midoo is not just a language-learning tool,” said Yvonne, co-founder of Midoo AI. “It’s a living agent that senses your needs, adapts instantly, and shapes an experience that’s warm, personal, and alive. Learning is no longer one-size-fits-all—now, it’s yours and yours alone.”


Midoo AI Review: Meet the First AI Language Learning Agent — from autogpt.net

Language learning apps have traditionally focused on exercises, quizzes, and progress tracking. Midoo AI introduces a different approach. Instead of presenting itself as a course provider, it acts as an intelligent learning agent that builds, adapts, and sustains a learner’s journey.

This review examines how Midoo AI operates, its feature set, and what makes it distinct from other AI-powered tutors.

Midoo AI in Context: Purpose and Position
Midoo AI is not structured around distributing lessons or modules. Its core purpose is to provide an agent-like partner that adapts in real time. Where many platforms ask learners to select a “level” or “topic,”

Midoo instead begins by analyzing goals, usage context, and error patterns. The result is less about consuming predesigned units and more about co-constructing a pathway.


AI Isn’t Replacing Teachers — It’s Helping Us Teach Better — from rdene915.com by guest author Matthew Mawn

Turning Time Saved Into Better Learning
AI can save teachers time, but what can that time be used for (besides taking a breath)? For most of us, it means redirecting energy into the parts of teaching that made us want to pursue this profession in the first place: connecting with our students and helping them grow academically.

Differentiation
Every classroom has students with different readiness levels, language needs, and learning preferences. AI tools like Diffit or MagicSchool can instantly create multiple versions of a passage or assignment, differentiated by grade level, complexity, or language. This allows every student to engage with the same core concept, moving together as one cohesive class. Instead of spending an evening retyping and rephrasing, teachers can review and tweak AI drafts in minutes, ready for the next lesson.


Mass Intelligence — from oneusefulthing.org by Ethan Mollick
From GPT-5 to nano banana: everyone is getting access to powerful AI

When a billion people have access to advanced AI, we’ve entered what we might call the era of Mass Intelligence. Every institution we have — schools, hospitals, courts, companies, governments — was built for a world where intelligence was scarce and expensive. Now every profession, every institution, every community has to figure out how to thrive with Mass Intelligence. How do we harness a billion people using AI while managing the chaos that comes with it? How do we rebuild trust when anyone can fabricate anything? How do we preserve what’s valuable about human expertise while democratizing access to knowledge?


AI Is the Cognitive Layer. Schools Still Think It’s a Study Tool. — from stefanbauschard.substack.com by Stefan Bauschard

By the time today’s 9th graders and college freshman enter the workforce, the most disruptive waves of AGI and robotics may already be embedded into part society.

What replaces the old system will not simply be a more digital version of the same thing. Structurally, schools may move away from rigid age-groupings, fixed schedules, and subject silos. Instead, learning could become more fluid, personalized, and interdisciplinary—organized around problems, projects, and human development rather than discrete facts or standardized assessments.

AI tutors and mentors will allow for pacing that adapts to each student, freeing teachers to focus more on guidance, relationships, and high-level facilitation. Classrooms may feel less like miniature factories and more like collaborative studios, labs, or even homes—spaces for exploring meaning and building capacity, not just delivering content.

If students are no longer the default source of action, then we need to teach them to:

    • Design agents,
    • Collaborate with agents,
    • Align agentic systems with human values,
    • And most of all, retain moral and civic agency in a world where machines act on our behalf.

We are no longer educating students to be just doers.
We must now educate them to be judgesdesigners, and stewards of agency.


Meet Your New AI Tutor — from wondertools.substack.com by Jeremy Caplan
Try new learning modes in ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini

AI assistants are now more than simple answer machines. ChatGPT’s new Study Mode, Claude’s Learning Mode, and Gemini’s Guided Learning represent a significant shift. Instead of just providing answers, these free tools act as adaptive, 24/7 personal tutors.



AI Tools for Instructional Design (September, 2025) — from drphilh.gumroad.com by Dr Philippa Hardman

That’s why, in preparation for my next bootcamp which kicks off September 8th 2025, I’ve just completed a full refresh of my list of the most powerful & popular AI tools for Instructional Designers, complete with tips on how to get the most from each tool.

The list has been created using my own experience + the experience of hundreds of Instructional Designers who I work with every week.

It contains the 50 most powerful AI tools for instructional design available right now, along with tips on how to optimise their benefits while mitigating their risks.


Addendums on 9/4/25:


AI Companies Roll Out Educational Tools — from insidehighered.com by Ray Schroeder
This fall, Google, Anthropic and OpenAI are rolling out powerful new AI tools for students and educators, each taking a different path to shape the future of learning.



Rethinking My List of Essential Job Skills in the Age of AI — from michellekassorla.substack.com by Michelle Kassorla

So here’s the new list of essential skills I think my students will need when they are employed to work with AI five years from now:

  1. They can follow directions, analyze outcomes, and adapt to change when needed.
  2. They can write or edit AI to capture a unique voice and appropriate tone in sync with an audience’s needs
  3. They have a deep understanding of one or more content areas of a particular profession, business, or industry, so they can easily identify factual errors.
  4. They have a strong commitment to exploration, a flexible mindset, and a broad understanding of AI literacy.
  5. They are resilient and critical thinkers, ready to question results and demand better answers.
  6. They are problem solvers.

And, of course, here is a new rubric built on those skills:


 

PODCAST: Did AI “break” school? Or will it “fix” it? …and if so, what can we do about it? — from theneurondaily.com by Grant Harvey, Corey Noles, Grant Harvey, & Matthew Robinson

In Episode 5 of The Neuron Podcast, Corey Noles and Grant Harvey tackle the education crisis head-on. We explore the viral UCLA “CheatGPT” controversy, MIT’s concerning brain study, and innovative solutions like Alpha School’s 2-hour learning model. Plus, we break down OpenAI’s new $10M teacher training initiative and share practical tips for using AI to enhance learning rather than shortcut it. Whether you’re a student, teacher, or parent, you’ll leave with actionable insights on the future of education.

 

Supreme Court green-lights Education Department layoffs — from k12dive.com by Naaz Modan
The decision is a significant victory for the Trump administration as it seeks to close the department to the greatest extent possible.

The U.S. Supreme Court on Monday allowed the Trump administration to proceed with laying off nearly half the U.S. Department of Education’s staff — a significant victory for the administration’s mission to dissolve the department to the greatest extent possible.

The decision in New York v. McMahon green-lights the department’s reduction in force initiated in March as the original question of the layoffs’ legality works its way through the lower courts. The layoffs closed department offices and spurred concerns from public school advocates that the education system would descend into chaos with little federal oversight.

 

To Bullied and Bored Teens, North Star Offers ‘Unschooling’ — and a Cup of Ramen — from the74million.org by Greg Toppo
‘We tend not to get your football player, cheerleader, sports team kids,’ says the school’s founder. ‘But we get all the kids they pick on.’

For 29 years, the private, non-profit center — don’t call it a school — has been a refuge for kids who chafe at the stress, loneliness or bullying of school. They spend a few months or a few years here, catching their breath as they prepare for life after graduation.

With an enrollment of 65, it offers rigorous, one-on-one tutoring; small, personalized classes in history, math, writing and the arts, and extracurriculars like weekly hiking club excursions. This year, young people designed and taught three courses on Dungeons & Dragons.

“You’re accountable to yourself. Is this the life you want?”

Kenneth Danford

While most mainstream educators would say letting young people “do nothing” for a year is out of the question, he sees it differently: In the unschooling world, he said, “there’s no such thing as ‘doing nothing.’ ”

 

Special Education Myth Busting — from gettingsmart.com by Karla Phillips-Krivicka

Key Points

  • At least 85% of students with disabilities can learn and achieve on grade level.
  • 14% of all U.S. students have a disability.

No belief is more damaging in education than the misperception that children with disabilities cannot really succeed and shouldn’t be challenged to reach the same high standards as all children.

Arne Duncan, former U.S. Secretary of Education 


From DSC:
One of our kids — actually, who is no longer a kid anymore — was born with Mosaic Down Syndrome. Looking back on her K-12 years, first through fifth grade went very well — which my wife and I were very grateful for. (We didn’t know what each year would bring and whether she would be able to move on to the next grade.)

But sixth and seventh grades were very rough. At the end of seventh grade, we decided to homeschool our daughter. The system she was in — like so many school systems across the nation — was meant to address the 80% of students who are neither gifted nor have special needs. The quickly-moving trains leave at such and such a time and then stop at such and such a time. One better keep up. This traditional system is a one-size-fits-all approach, and it’s something we do for administrative purposes — it’s not for the benefit of the kids within K-12 schools.

K-12 education in America is a like a quickly moving train that stops for no one.

After a few years of both homeschooling and Christian education, it turned out that our daughter was able to learn almost all of the subjects in high school. But she needed to learn ON HER TIMELINE…AT HER OWN PACE of learning. 

We’re proud of her. She has had a couple of jobs already and is doing quite well overall. Her motivation has been very low at times, which made homeschooling very tough. But, overall, I would agree with Karla Phillips-Krivicka’s key point that at least 85% of students with disabilities can learn and achieve at grade level. That’s been true for our daughter who has some special needs.

 

Adulting and Career Exploration — from the-job.beehiiv.com by Paul Fain
Junior Achievement helps high school grads learn life skills and gain work experience while figuring out what comes next.

Bridging the Gap Between School and Careers
Junior Achievement has stepped into the blur space between high school and what comes next. The nonprofit’s 5th Year program gives young adults a structured year to live on a college campus and explore careers, gain work experience, and build life skills.

An initial cohort of 24 students graduated this May from a trial run of the program based in Toledo, Ohio. Each participant held two internships—one in the fall and one in the spring. They also visited 60 employers across the metro area. Represented industries included law, engineering, construction, accounting, healthcare, higher education, and nonprofit organizations.

The program is focused on helping students find a clear path forward, by guiding them to match their interests and abilities with in-demand careers and local job opportunities.

“We’re giving them the space to just pause,” he says. “To discover, to explore, to grow personally, to grow socially.”

 

Transform Public Speaking with Yoodli: Your AI Coach — from rdene915.com by Paula Johnson

Yoodli is an AI tool designed to help users improve their public speaking skills. It analyzes your speech in real-time or after a recording and gives you feedback on things like:

    • Filler words (“um,” “like,” “you know”)
    • Pacing (Are you sprinting or sedating your audience?)
    • Word choice and sentence complexity
    • Eye contact and body language (with video)
    • And yes, even your “uhhh” to actual word ratio

Yoodli gives you a transcript and a confidence score, plus suggestions that range from helpful to brutally honest. It’s basically Simon Cowell with AI ethics and a smiley face interface.


[What’s] going on with AI and education? — from theneuron.ai by Grant Harvey
With students and teachers alike using AI, schools are facing an “assessment crisis” where the line between tool and cheating has blurred, forcing a shift away from a broken knowledge economy toward a new focus on building human judgment through strategic struggle.

What to do about it: The future belongs to the “judgment economy,” where knowledge is commoditized but taste, agency, and learning velocity become the new human moats. Use the “Struggle-First” principle: wrestle with problems for 20-30 minutes before turning to AI, then use AI as a sparring partner (not a ghostwriter) to deepen understanding. The goal isn’t to avoid AI, but to strategically choose when to embrace “desirable difficulties” that build genuine expertise versus when to leverage AI for efficiency.

The Alpha-School Program in brief:

    • Students complete core academics in just 2 hours using AI tutors, freeing up 4+ hours for life skills, passion projects, and real-world experiences.
    • The school claims students learn at least 2x faster than their peers in traditional school.
    • The top 20% of students show 6.5x growth. Classes score in the top 1-2% nationally across the board.
    • Claims are based on NWEA’s Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) assessments… with data only available to the school. Hmm…

Austen Allred shared a story about the school, which put it on our radar.


Featured Report:  Teaching for Tomorrow: Unlocking Six Weeks a Year With AI — from gallup.com
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In the latest installment of Gallup and the Walton Family Foundation’s research on education, K-12 teachers reveal how AI tools are transforming their workloads, instructional quality and classroom optimism. The report finds that 60% of teachers used an AI tool during the 2024–25 school year. Weekly AI users report reclaiming nearly six hours per week — equivalent to six weeks per year — which they reinvest in more personalized instruction, deeper student feedback and better parent communication.

Despite this emerging “AI dividend,” adoption is uneven: 40% of teachers aren’t using AI at all, and only 19% report their school has a formal AI policy. Teachers with access to policies and support save significantly more time.

Educators also say AI improves their work. Most report higher-quality lesson plans, assessments and student feedback. And teachers who regularly use AI are more optimistic about its benefits for student engagement and accessibility — mirroring themes from the Voices of Gen Z: How American Youth View and Use Artificial Intelligence report, which found students hesitant but curious about AI’s classroom role. As AI tools grow more embedded in education, both teachers and students will need the training and support to use them effectively.

Also see:

  • 2-Hour Learning
    • What if children could crush academics in 2 hours, 2x faster? 
    • What if children could get back their most valuable resource, which is time?
    • What if children could pursue the things they want during their afternoons and develop life skills?

Amira Learning: Teaching With The AI-Powered Reading Tool — from techlearning.com by Erik Ofgang
Amira Learning is a research-backed AI reading tutor that incorporates the science of reading into its features.

What Is Amira Learning?
Amira Learning’s system is built upon research led by Jack Mostow, a professor at Carnegie Mellon who helped pioneer AI literacy education. Amira uses Claude AI to power its AI features, but these features are different than many other AI tools on the market. Instead of focusing on chat and generative response, Amira’s key feature is its advanced speech recognition and natural language processing capabilities, which allow the app to “hear” when a student is struggling and tailor suggestions to that student’s particular mistakes.

Though it’s not meant to replace a teacher, Amira provides real-time feedback and also helps teachers pinpoint where a student is struggling. For these reasons, Amira Learning is a favorite of education scientists and advocates for science of reading-based literacy instruction. The tool currently is used by more than 4 million students worldwide and across the U.S.


 

How Do You Build a Learner-Centered Ecosystem? — from gettingsmart.com by Bobbi Macdonald and Alin Bennett

Key Points

  • It’s not just about redesigning public education—it’s about rethinking how, where and with whom learning happens. Communities across the United States are shaping learner-centered ecosystems and gathering insights along the way.
  • What does it take to build a learner-centered ecosystem? A shared vision. Distributed leadership. Place-based experiences.  Repurposed resources. And more. This piece unpacks 10 real-world insights from pilots in action.
    .

We believe the path forward is through the cultivation of learner-centered ecosystems — adaptive, networked structures that offer a transformed way of organizing, supporting, and credentialing community-wide learning. These ecosystems break down barriers between schools, communities, and industries, creating flexible, real-world learning experiences that tap into the full range of opportunities a community has to offer.

Last year, we announced our Learner-Centered Ecosystem Lab, a collaborative effort to create a community of practice consisting of twelve diverse sites across the country — from the streets of Brooklyn to the mountains of Ojai — that are demonstrating or piloting ecosystemic approaches. Since then, we’ve been gathering together, learning from one another, and facing the challenges and opportunities of trying to transform public education. And while there is still much more work to be done, we’ve begun to observe a deeper pattern language — one that aligns with our ten-point Ecosystem Readiness Framework, and one that, we hope, can help all communities start to think more practically and creatively about how to transform their own systems of learning.

So while it’s still early, we suspect that the way to establish a healthy learner-centered ecosystem is by paying close attention to the following ten conditions:

 

 


The 2025 Global Skills Report — from coursera.org
Discover in-demand skills and credentials trends across 100+ countries and six regions to deliver impactful industry-aligned learning programs.

Access trusted insights on:

  • [NEW] Countries leading AI innovation in our AI Maturity Index
  • Skill proficiency rankings for 100+ countries in business, data, and technology
  • How people are building essential skills with micro-credentials
  • Enrollment trends in cybersecurity, critical thinking, and human skills
  • Women’s learning trends in GenAI, STEM, and Professional Certificates

AI Agents Are Rewriting The Playbook For Upskilling In 2025 — from forbes.com by Aytekin Tank

Staying competitive now depends on fast, effective training and upskilling—not just for business owners themselves, but for their teams, new and existing employees alike. AI agents are poised to change the corporate training landscape, helping businesses close skills gaps created by rapid technological change.

Traditional corporate training programs, which lean on passive content, often fall short of their goals. Companies like Uplimit are rolling out educational AI agents that promise significantly higher completion rates (upwards of 90 percent) and better results. It boils down to engagement—the active learning, with role playing and personalized feedback, is more stimulating than merely watching a video and completing a quiz. Agents can provide 24/7 assistance, responding to questions as soon as they pop up. What’s more, education and training with agents can be highly personalized.

Agents can train a higher volume of employees in the same amount of time. Employees will gain skills more efficiently, giving them more time to apply what they’ve learned—and likely boosting engagement in the process. They’ll be better prepared to stay competitive.

 

These parents are ‘unschooling’ their kids. What does that mean? — from usatoday.com by Adrianna Rodriguez

“My goal for them is for them to love learning,” Franco said. “It’s realizing you can educate your child beyond the school model.”

Some parents say their children are thriving in the unschooling environment, fueling their confidence and desire to learn.

But not all students find success in unschooling. Some former students say the lack of structure and accountability can lead to educational neglect if parents don’t have the resources to make it work. Some kids who were unschooled feel they were left unprepared for adulthood and had fewer career opportunities.


What Is ‘Unschooling’ and Why Are More Parents Doing It? — from bckonline.com byTiffany Silva

Unschooling is a growing alternative education movement where children learn through life experiences instead of traditional classroom instruction. As more parents seek personalized and flexible learning paths, unschooling is gaining popularity across the U.S. and here’s what you need to know!

So, just what exactly is unschooling? Well, Unschooling is a form of homeschooling that breaks away from the idea of following a set curriculum. Instead, it centers the child’s interests, passions, and pace.

The belief is that learning doesn’t have to be separate from life because it is life. Unschooling functions on the premise that when kids are given the freedom to explore, they develop deep, authentic understanding and a lifelong love of learning.

 


Also relevant/see:


Report: 93% of Students Believe Gen AI Training Belongs in Degree Programs — from campustechnology.com by Rhea Kelly

The vast majority of today’s college students — 93% — believe generative AI training should be included in degree programs, according to a recent Coursera report. What’s more, 86% of students consider gen AI the most crucial technical skill for career preparation, prioritizing it above in-demand skills such as data strategy and software development. And 94% agree that microcredentials help build the essential skills they need to achieve career success.

For its Microcredentials Impact Report 2025, Coursera surveyed more than 1,200 learners and 1,000 employers around the globe to better understand the demand for microcredentials and their impact on workforce readiness and hiring trends.


1 in 4 employers say they’ll eliminate degree requirements by year’s end — from hrdive.com by Carolyn Crist
Companies that recently removed degree requirements reported a surge in applications, a more diverse applicant pool and the ability to offer lower salaries.

A quarter of employers surveyed said they will remove bachelor’s degree requirements for some roles by the end of 2025, according to a May 20 report from Resume Templates.

In addition, 7 in 10 hiring managers said their company looks at relevant experience over a bachelor’s degree while making hiring decisions.

In the survey of 1,000 hiring managers, 84% of companies that recently removed degree requirements said it has been a successful move. Companies without degree requirements also reported a surge in applications, a more diverse applicant pool and the ability to offer lower salaries.


Why AI literacy is now a core competency in education — from weforum.org by Tanya Milberg

  • Education systems must go beyond digital literacy and embrace AI literacy as a core educational priority.
  • A new AI Literacy Framework (AILit) aims to empower learners to navigate an AI-integrated world with confidence and purpose.
  • Here’s what you need to know about the AILit Framework – and how to get involved in making it a success.

Also from Allison Salisbury, see:

 
© 2025 | Daniel Christian